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The American T
The American T is influenced very strongly by intonation and
its position in a word or phrase. It can be a little tricky if you try
to base your pronunciation on spelling alone.
There are, however, 4 basic rules: [T is T], [T is D], [T is Silent],
[T is Held].
1 Beginning of
a Word [T is T]
If the T is at the beginning of a word (or the top of the staircase), it
is a strong, clear T sound.
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In the beginning of a word: table, take, tomorrow, teach, ten, turn
Thomas tried two times.
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With a stressed T and ST, TS, TR, CT, LT and sometimes NT
combinations: They control the contents.
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In the past tense, D sounds like T, after an unvoiced consonant
sound — f, k, p, s, ch, sh, th (but not T).
picked [pikt], hoped [houpt], raced [rast], watched [wächt], washed
[wäsht]
It took Tim ten
times to try the telephone.
2 Middle of
a Word [T is D]
If the T is in the middle of the word, intonation changes the sound
to a soft D.
Letter sounds like [ledder].
Water,
daughter, bought a, caught a, lot of, got a, later, meeting, better
Practice these sentences:
| What a good idea. |
[w'd' güdäi deey'] |
| Put it in a bottle. |
[pü di di n' bäd'l] |
| Get a better water heater. |
[gedda bedder wäder heeder] |
| Put all the data in the computer. |
[püdall the dayd' in the k'mpyuder] |
| Patty ought to write a better letter. |
[pædy äd' ride a bedder ledder] |
3 [T is
Silent]
T and N are so close in the mouth that the [t] can disappear.
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interview [innerview]
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international [innernational]
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advantage [ædvæn'j]
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percentage [percen'j]
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If the T is at the end of a word, you almost don't hear it at all.
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put, what, lot, set, hot, sit, shot, brought.
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That's quite right, isn't it?
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4 End of a
Word [T is Held]
With -tain, -tten and some TN combinations, the T is held. The "held
T" is, strictly speaking, not really a T at all. Remember, [t] and [n]
are very close in the mouth. If you have [n] immediately after [t],
you don't pop the [t]—the tongue is in the [t] position, but your
release the air for the [n] not the [t]. Make sure you don't put a
schwa before the [n]. An important point to remember is that you need
a sharp upward sliding intonation up to the "held T," then a quick
drop for the N.
Written, certain, forgotten, sentence:
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He's forgotten the carton of satin mittens.
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She's certain that he has written it.
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Martin has gotten a kitten.
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